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Study Guide to the Semester Exam - Human Geo - Fall 2013

Things I need to know are in red

1.      Introduction (Excellence)

a.      A Letter to Garcia- definitions and info to know to know; agora, arête, polis, also I need to know why the letter was written what is it about what happens in it etc.

b.      Socrates/ancient Greeks- why the year 508 bc was important, who was Socrates, his death (detail on why he died), the Socratic method, what “idiot” meant back then, know Socrates famous quote which should be in every human geo essay

c.       Did You Know?/Shift Happens- what was the main point of the video, some examples used in the video, etc.

d.      Globalization- what is globalization, know some examples of what we learned about (Nike)

e.       Infrastructure- what is infrastructure, examples of it, what I know about it

Things to know are in blue

2.      Population and Migration

a.       Population pyramids- what are the different types of pop. Pyramids, what do the different types mean (are they good bad etc.)

b.      crude birth rate, crude death rate, RNI, TFR- I need to know what these things are, some examples of them, what the acronyms stand for/what they are

c.       immigration/emigration, NMR- I need to know the DIFFERENCE between immigration and emigration, and what NMR stands and what it is

d.      push forces, pull forces- know some examples of pull and push forces and what they mean

e.       developed nations, developing nations- know the difference between developing and developed nations, some examples of them

f.        God Grew Tired of Us- know the main characters in the movie, what it was about, why it was created, what the point of it is

Things to know are in green

3.      Cultural Geography

a.       language (bilingual nations, official language)- what are the different languages, what do they mean, what is the world language for business

b.      major religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism)- know the different religions, the Abrahamic religions, and the rankings of the religions from most to least popular, know specific differences between the religions

c.       ethnic heritage- know what ethnic heritage is and what it means

  

Things to know are in orange

4.      Political Geography

a.       Country, nation, state, nation/state- what is a country, nation, state, nation/state, what is the differences between them all, why are they important

b.      World Leaders of the 12 nations we studied (plus the US)- know the 12 different world leaders and what countries they serve, what are their titles, important and interesting facts about each

c.       type of government, leader and title, recognize photographs- same as above, titles, and what kind of government is the state

Things to know are in purple

5.      Economic Geography

a.       Microfinance- know what microfinance is, why it’s important, examples of it, microloan, micro entrepreneur, what are these two things what are they used for, what kinds of people receive these loans, what are the loans used for, bill and Melinda gates, examples of the malaria problem, etc.

b.      Infrastructure- know what infrastructure is, why it’s important, examples used for it, countries used in, etc.

c.       Kiva- know what kiva is, know the average loans sizes and payback rate, what kinds of people are on kiva, how many people a year receive loans, why they use them, basically know the numbers from the quiz on it.

d.      Peace Corps- know what a peace corps is, what are they used for, examples from the peace corps challenge game, what kinds of people are in peace corps, what are they for, etc. 

exam ready !

Today we talked, about how to study for Mr. Schicks exam. He gave us many ways to study such as:
- My blog or Mr. Schicks blog
- Notes
- Old tests

We then went over many things that will be on the test. I need to know all the definitions since the beginning of the year.

• Total Fertility Rate
• Crude Death/Birth rate
• Agora, Socrates, Socratic Method
• push/pull forces
• globalization
• Rate of Natural Increase
• Immigrants/ Emigrants
• 2.1 -> POPULATION WILL STAY THE SAME
• Christmas tree, Cup, and CupCake - Population Pyramids
• Baby Boom
• Cultural Geography
• Religions
• Leaders

nelson

We went over the microfinance test. After that, we talked about Nelson M.'s life and funeral. We talked about how Dilma showed up at Nelson's funeral. Nelson was sentenced to life in prison for protesting. He was imprisoned for 23 years for protesting against equal rights for different races. He finally got released after 23 years. In prison he was in a small room with no bed and dirty toilet. He continues protesting after he gets out. He ran for president and won in Africa. He was seen as a world leader. Lived to be 95 years old.

:3 Test Questions for Human Geo    

                   Steven Kucther, Hailey Ishak, Ellie Gottschalk, Stephanie Imbierowicz, Carly Schofield, Austin McMillan

1. who is microfinance used for ? - it is used for people to start up a business or to keep a business going or just to help people who need a small loan.

2. what is a common use for a micro loan? - starting up new businesses, products, clinics, machinery, furniture, and schools  

3.What is a microloan? Loans people money to help them get a kick start in a small business that they think will be beneficial to their village or town

4.what is mocrofinance? A general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or those who do not have access to typical banking services.

5. Who has the most supply of mosquitoes nets? Bill and Melinda Gates

6.what is the difference between developing countries and developed countries?- developing usually have lower levels of affluence and higher levels of unemployment, developed countries have the

7. what is malaria?  - malaria is a wide spreading disease that is transmitted by getting from a mosquitos

8.why do poor people pay more for loans? -micro lenders don’t get paid as much so poor people have to pay higher loans

9. What is a microlender? An organization that makes business loans to individuals who arent able to obtain financing from traditional lenders.

10.In developing countries the majority of the population is? Poor

11. How is giving Microloans better than just regular donations to charity? This way you're not just giving them many for no reason but you're giving them a kick start to make a successful business and in the end it’s their responsibility to pay you back for your help.

12.give 3 problems in developing countries that can be solved by microloans: malaria, drought, clean water

microfinance

• microfinance is a general term too describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services
• microloans loans people money to help them get a kick start  in a small business that they think will be beneficial to their village or town 
• microloans also helps investments in infrastructure, education, and legal reforms (these people are called microentrepenurs) 
• Microfinance provides people who don’t have the money to get a loan to start a business, pay for medical attention, pay for schools, etc.
• It helps small businesses start up and stay running. This helps the local economy it also helps pay for insurance.
  
• If you get sued, the microfinance will help it get started again, or if your small business gets damaged, they will provide you the money to get your business back on track so you can start making money again.
• Microfinance is an opportunity for the less fortunate people to have stuff that they usually would not be able to afford or start up.
  
• Microfinance allows poor people to build their assets, for example by getting land, Constructing or improving their homes and purchasing livestock.              

in most developing countries, the majority of the population are poor, but it is the poor people who are least likely to be helped by regular banks. 

Problems in developing countries that can be helped by Microfinance-

• Malaria 
• Drought
• Clean Water

Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted by mosquitoes.  It was once thought that the disease came from fetid marshes, hence the name mal-aria (bad air).  In 1880, scientists discovered the real cause of malaria: a one-cell parasite called plasmodium.  Later they discovered that the parasite is transmitted from person to person through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito, which requires blood to nurture her eggs.

Every year, malaria causes 655,000 deaths.  Every minute, a child dies from malaria.  

Right now, International Medical Corps is on the ground to combat malaria and help save lives.   

- doctors are trying to figure out how to make a vaccine for malaria.  “An important part of this process is understanding the mechanisms of naturally acquired immunity to malaria.” 

- “International Medical Corps is committed to to fighting malaria around the world through treatment, prevention, and educational activities.  We integrate our anti-malaria programs into all primary health care services.  We work with governments to successfully introduce new malaria protocols and new drug combinations.  International Medical Corps supplies many health centers while simultaneously building the capacity of health providers.”  

• Loans help people with small businesses to get a kick start on what they want to do.
• They may get funds, structure investments, housing, and help for the economy in small areas near by.

• With more small businesses, there won’t be as many large corporations.
• This means that wildlife areas in villages will be healthier because of reduced fumes from factories.

• This means that people will have a better quality of living. Areas that are consumed by large corporations have pollutants in the air and unhealthy living conditions

A microlender is an organization that makes business loans to individuals who are not able to obtain financing from traditional lenders. Microlenders typically charge higher-than-average interest rates; their maximum loan is usually $25,000 or less. Recipients of micro-loans are typically individuals in poverty or in development zones in the U.S., or who live in developing nations.

• Clients are too poor to pay interest as well as repaying the loan capital, so projects have low or no interest rates.
• Clients need a large lump sum to restart activities after a conflict, so loan sizes are large (for example, more than one-fifth of annual income).
• Clients prefer to use the loan for agricultural activities, so projects have long loan terms (six months to one year).
• Clients have often lost all their assets and have no collateral, so projects use group-based methodologies.
• Clients need micro-finance to kick-start their businesses, so projects are impermanent.
• The remit of the organisation is to assist the poorest households, so projects target the most vulnerable households.

At Peace Corps online, there was a simulation of a small village. The objective was to interview every person who had an idea for a small business. There were about five people you could interview. After you gathered all of the information, there was a decision that had to be made. One person’s idea was to be picked in order to get a microloan. The decision was based on our opinion and what we thought was best for the village to help it thrive in the future.

• The climate in the region affects the farming which is relied on in many because they are not as developed as other places.
• The weather is unpredictable.
• Many times there won’t be as much rainfall that is needed for the crops to survive, these times are called droughts.
• Other times there is too much rain, this leads to many of the crops getting washed away because they are already full of water and can’t take any more in.
• Both resulting in little/no crops.

In order to improve microfinance, we need to think of a solution to give people a chance to have a better life. When people need money, they need a loan.This will help them escape poverty. It should be something that people can lean on.Those people can get a loan from people who have money and then once the people who are borrowing can escape poverty, then they can pay the people back.Then the system works because people can get money back and help to escape poverty. A great example of this is Kiva, a website for sharing microloans.

Peace corps volunteers are working on business issues and are focus on increasing family income, improving the environment for business, educating young people, and helping business find markets for traditional products